Applied Science and Humanities

Laboratory

Engineering Chemistry Lab

This subpart is providing a basic knowledge of Engineering Chemistry & Environment Engineering to all branches of 1st year B.Tech students. The department has well equipped labs for B.Tech. Students where experiments are designed to broaden experimental skills related to various testing & titration of chemicals such as flash & fire point, viscosity, cloud & pore point among others.

S.NO	NAME OF EXPERIMENT	OBJECTIVE
1	Determination of alkalinity in the given water sample	Alkalinity is a measure of the capability of water to absorb H+ ions without significant change of pH. In other words, alkalinity is a measure of the acid buffering capacity of water. The determination of alkalinity of water is necessary for controlling the corrosion, to calculate the amount of lime and soda needed for water softening; in conditioning the boiler feed water, etc
2	Determination of temporary and permanent hardness in water sample using EDTA as standard solution	EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid) forms colourless stable complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in water at pH = 9-10. To maintain the pH of the solution at 9-10, buffer solution (NH4Cl + NH4OH) is used. Eriochrome Black-T (E.B.T) is used as an indicator. The sample of hard water must be treated with buffer solution and EBT indicator which forms unstable, wine-red coloured complex s with Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in water
3	Determination of temporary and permanent hardness in water sample using EDTA as standard solution.	One of the factors that establish the quality of a water supply is its degree of hardness. Hardness is defined as calcium and magnesium ion content. Since most analyses do not distinguish between Ca2+ and Mg2+, and since most hardness is caused by carbonate mineral deposits, hardness is usually reported as parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate (by weight). A water supply with a hardness of 100 ppm contains the equivalent of 100 g of CaCO3 in 1 million g of water or 0.1 g in 1 L of water (or 1000 g of water since the density of water is about 1 g/mL).
4	Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder	Bleaching powder is commonly used as a disinfectant. The chlorine present in the bleaching powder gets reduced with time. So, to find the exact quantity of bleaching powder required, the amount of available chlorine in the sample must be found out. Chlorine will liberate free iodine from potassium iodide solution when its pH is 8 or less. The iodine liberated, which is equivalent to the amount of active chlorine, is titrated with standard sodium thiosulphate solution using starch as indicator.
5	Determination of chloride content in the given water sample by Mohr’s method.	Mohr method is one of the significant methods for determination of chloride in water. It is also known as Argentometric method. Chloride ion is a negatively charged ion. This method is appropriate for neutral or slightly alkaline water. Water sample is titrating against standard AgNO3 solution by using potassium chromate indicator. It is a precipitation titration method.
6	Determination of iron content in the given ore by using external indictor	To determine the strength of given solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate by titrating against standard N/40 K₂Cr₂O₇ 2 using potassium ferricyanideas an external indicator.
7	pH-metric titration	Determination of the strength of a given hydrochloric acid solution against a standard sodium hydroxide solution.
8	Determination of Equivalent weight of Iron by the chemical displacement method. The equivalent weight of copper is 63.5	Equivalent weight is defined as the number of parts by a weight of which combines or displace 1.008 parts by weight of hydrogen, 8 parts by weight of oxygen and 35.5 parts by weight of chlorine. The law of equivalents states that one equivalent of a substance reacts with one equivalent of another. One gram equivalent of a substance = ((Mass of substance in gram)/(Equivalent wt. of the substance))
9	Determination of heat of neutralization of Hydrochloric acid and Sodium hydroxide	Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
10	Determination of amount of dissolved oxygen in water	The methods described below for the determination of oxygen in water is based on that devised by Winkler. When manganese hydroxide is precipitated in the water sample it is quickly oxidized to higher hydrated oxides (probably in the four valent state) by the dissolve oxygen. Iodine, equivalent to the dissolved oxygen content, is then liberated on acidification in the presence of iodine, and it may be titrated with standard thio‐sulphate.
11	Separation of metal ions by paper chromatography	Known and unknown solutions of the metal ions Ag+ , Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ will be analysed using paper chromatography. An unknown solution containing some of these cautions will be identified by comparison to the Rf values and colors of the stained spots of known solutions.
12	Preparation of iodoform from acetone	To prepare a pure sample of triiodomethyl (iodoform) from acetone under reflux
13	Preparation of Sodium Cobaltinitrile salt	The preparation of sodium hexa nitrocobaltate and the identification of K+ using the prepared solution.
14	Element detection & functional group identification in organic	Systematically identify the functional groups in the given organic compound and perform the confirmatory tests after identifying the functional groups

Engineering Physics

Engineering Physics is providing a sound science base for all engineering disciplines in their first/ Second semester. The courses are designed to serve the need for a particular branch of engineering. The department has well equipped labs for B.Tec students where experiments are designed to broaden experimental skill related to various branches of engineering and technology.

S.NO	NAME OF EXPERIMENT	OBJECTIVE
1	To determine the wavelength of monochromatic light by Newton’s ring	To determine the wavelength of sodium vapour light by measuring the diameter of Newton’s ring.
2	To determine the wavelength of monochromatic light with the help of Fresnel’s Biprism	To determine the wavelength of sodium light by Fresnel’s Biprism method.
3	To determine the focal length of two lenses by nodal slide and locate the position of cardinal points	To determine the focal length of combination of two thin Convergent lenses separated by a distance with the help of Nodal-Slide and verify to the formula F = focal length of Combination f1= focal length of first lens f2= focal length of second lens x= distance between lenses
4	To determine the specific rotation of cane sugar solution using half shade polarimeter	In this experiment, the user will prepare a sugar solution of known concentration (c), but unknown identity. The user will obtain the observed rotation (αobs) from the experiment using the polarimeter and use that information to calculate the specific rotation [α] of the given sample using the above formula. The identity of the sample can thus be found out from the given list of specific rotations for different chemicals.
5	To determine the wavelength of spectral lines using plane transmission grating	The specific rotation of cane- sugar solution is given by (e+d) Sin θ=n λ
6	To determine the specific resistance of the material of given wire using Carey Foster’s bridge	We are going to determine the value of an unknown resistance using a meter bridge and then make further accurate measurements using Carey Foster bridge to take into account the specific resistivity (ρ) of the bridge wire. Finally measuring the radius and length of the unknown resistance we can determine the specific resistivity of the material given.
7	To determine the variation of magnetic field along the axis of a current carrying coil and then to estimate the radius of the coil	To plot graph showing the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of a circular coil carrying current and evaluate from it the radius of the coil.
8	To verify Stefan’s Law by electrical method	Stefan’s law states that the total radiant energy emitted per second from the unit surface area of a perfectly black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature. or E = σ T4 Where σ is called Stefan’s constant. In black body radiation, Stefan’s law is E= σ (T4 – To4)
9	To calibrate the given ammeter and voltmeter	Calibration is a comparison between two measurements of the same physical quantity: One with an instrument of known correctness called standard instrument. Another measurement made in a similar way with a second device i.e. the device being calibrated or the test instrument.
10	To study the Hall Effect and determine Hall coefficient, carrier density and mobility of a given semiconductor material using Hall-effect set up	If a current carrying conductor placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, a potential difference will generate in the conductor which is perpendicular to both magnetic field and current. This phenomenon is called Hall Effect. In solid state physics, Hall effect is an important tool to characterize the materials especially semiconductors. It directly determines both the sign and density of charge carriers in a given sample.
11	To determine energy bank gap of a given semiconductor material	Band Gap (or energy gap) is an energy difference which an electron should attain to break free of its bounded state. When the band gap energy is met, the electron is excited into a free state, and can therefore participate in conduction. With this experiment we will be able to determine the band gap of a semi-conductor material.
12	To draw hysteresis curve of a given sample of ferromagnetic material and from this to determine magnetic susceptibility and permeability of the given specimen	To draw hysteresis curve (B-H curve) of a given sample of ferromagnetic material on a C.R.O. using a solenoid from this to determine the magnetic susceptibility and permeability of the given specimen.
13	To determine E.C.E. of copper using Tangent or Helmholtz galvanometer.	Copper Voltmeter it consists of a glass vessel containing 16 to 22% solution of CuSO4 with a few drops of sulphuric acid. The anode consists of pair of copper plates. Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis According to first law mass deposited M = Zit Where Z is constant and is called the Electro – Chemical Equivalent of the substance
14	To determine the ballistic constant of a ballistic galvanometer	Ballistic Galvanometer Setup illustrates fundamental information about electromagnetic induction. It concerns how electric field affects magnetic field and also reveals the mechanism of current sensing devices. Ballistic Galvanometer Setup enables not only the detection of weak electric field but also measures it very precisely. Ballistic power supply is included with setup, in which we can generate very weak ambient electric field and can reveal this effect to the Ballistic Galvanometer as a detected deflection of coil. Lamp and scale arrangement is included for measurement of deflection.
15	To determine the viscosity of a liquid.	To determine the coefficient of viscosity of water, by poiseuille’s method. The viscosity of liquid is a resistance to flow of a liquid. All liquids appear resistance to flow change from liquid to another, the water faster flow than glycerine, subsequently the viscosity of water less than glycerine at same temperature. Viscosity occurs as a result of contact liquid layers with each other

Life Skills & Communication Lab

The Objective of communication lab is to develop in communication skills of the student which help students acquire their life skills so that they can be futuristic in their approach. Life skills are essential to promote mental health and competence in youth in order to help them face challenges and realities of work and life.

S.NO	NAME OF EXPERIMENT	OBJECTIVE
1	Listening to a recording of a telephone conversation for identifying specific information as well as details	In this experiment, you check your pronunciation accuracy by graph of your recording match with standard
2	Listening to a recording of a railway / airport announcement for selective listening and identifying specific information.	In this, you listen the story, announcement & check the strength of your listening skills
3	Listening to a recording of a radio / television news bulletin for identifying specific as well as over-all information	All your work as a broadcast journalist leads ultimately to one thing - the time when your listeners hear what you have produced. This can be the news bulletin or a current affairs program. You have to use your on-air time effectively.
4	Listening to a recording of the description of a place, event or incident for note-taking, identifying details, descriptions and overall idea.	Understanding the topic, the gist, or the larger conceptual framework of a textbook chapter, an article, a paragraph, a sentence or a passage is a sophisticated reading task. Being able to draw conclusions, evaluate, and critically interpret articles or chapters is important for overall comprehension in college reading.
5	Listening to a recording of a lecture / talk on for note taking and identifying facts and drawing conclusions	Efficient note taking is necessary for students to have a record of lectures for future study and ...Listening Tips. You must learn to listen effectively because eighty per cent of what you know is acquired through listening. Listening is a skill that requires the ... Listen for ideas - main ideas, central facts, organizational patterns
6	Listening to a recording of a television panel discussion on any topic for identifying facts, analysing those drawing inferences and explaining the conclusion of the discussion in a logical manner.	Listening to a recording of a lecture/talk on for note-taking and identifying facts and drawing conclusions. Listening to a recording of a television panel discussion on any topic for identifying facts, analysing those drawing inferences and explaining the conclusion of the discussion in a logical manner.
7	Listening to passages that are read out for practicing note taking and identifying general and detailed content.	This packet contains specific recommendations to help you listen to a lecture more efficiently. Efficient note taking is necessary for students. Be prepared to listen by keeping up to date with your textbook reading. Read the chapter before the lecture carefully.
8	Listening to dialogues that are read out for identifying specific, general and detailed content.	In the laboratory, learners listen to the text before reading it. To the left of each paragraph of the reading text is an audio icon button. By activating this button, students can read and listen to the text simultaneously.

Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing (the activity) produces engineering drawings (the documents). More than merely the drawing of pictures, it is also a language—a graphical language that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another.

S.NO	NAME OF EXPERIMENT	OBJECTIVE
1	Introduction Graphics as a tool to communicate ideas, Lettering and’ dimensioning, Construction of geometrical figures like pentagon and hexagon	In this lab you learn how you use Knowledge of drawing instruments and other accessories is important for engineers and students. Proper technique for using them is another aspect to be considered for production of a good drawing. Following is the list of common instruments and accessories/items required by an engineering student. (i) Drawing board (ii) T-square (iii) Set square (iv) Mini drafter or drafting machine (v) Instrument box (vi) Drawing pencil (vii) Drawing clips/pins (viii) Sand paper block (ix) Eraser/Rubber (x) Scale (Ruler) (xi) Engineers scales (xii) French curves (xiii) Protractor (xiv) Drawing sheets (xv) Pencil sharpener (xvi) Handkerchief or towel cloth
2	Orthographic Projection Principles of orthographic projections, Principal and auxiliary planes, First and Third angle projections. Projection of points. Pictorial view. Projection of lines parallel to both the planes. Parallel to one and inclined to other, Inclined to both the planes. Application to practical problems. Projection of solid in simple position, Axis or slant edge inclined to one and parallel to other plane, Solids lying on a face or generator on a plane. Sectioning of solids lying in various positions, True shape of the section. Development of lateral surfaces, sheet metal drawing	Engineering drawing of various objects requires basic knowledge of some geometrical constructions. Students are advised to understand the principles of geometrical constructions because it is the prerequisite for solving various problems of engineering drawing.
3	Isometric Projection Principles of isometric projection, Isometric projection using box and offset methods.	ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS Interpretation of the shape of an object from a multi-view-drawing is difficult, without the knowledge of the principles of orthographic projections. Pictorial drawings are used to convey specific information to persons who cannot visualize an object from its views.

Workshop

Beginning with the Industrial Revolution era, a workshop may be a room, rooms or building which provides both the area and tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair of manufactured goods. Workshops were the only places of production until the advent of industrialization and the development of larger factories

S.NO	NAME OF EXPERIMENT	OBJECTIVE
1	Carpentry Shop	Study of tools and operation and carpentry joints. Simple exercise using jack plain. To prepare half- lap corner joint, mortise and tennon joints. Simple exercise on woodworking lathe.
2	Fitting Bench Working Shop	Study of tools and operations Simple exercises involving filling work. Making perfect male-female joint Simple exercise involving drilling/tapping/dyeing
3	Black Smithy Shop	Study of tools and operations Simple exercises based on black smithy operations such as upsetting, drawing down, punching, bending, fullering & swaging.
4	Welding Shop	Study of tools and operations Simple butt joint Lap joint Oxy acetylene welding.
5	Sheet metal shop	Study of tools and operations Making funnel complete with soldering Fabrication of tool box, tray, electrical panel box etc.
6	Machine Shop	Study of tools and operations Plane turning Step turning Taper turning Threading Single point cutting tool grinding

Engineering

Pharmacy

Agriculture

Professional Course